buttachunk - I'm a big supporter of improving audio gear with circuit modification and/or component replacements. I've done this many times with mics, pres, and other signal processing gear. It's even more gratifying when you start off with something really cheap and end up with something that rivals gear costing many times more. Comparing your modded mic/pre combo to a $5k vocal chain may be a bit of a stretch, but I'm sure the end results sound stellar.
I would love to hear what this mic sounds like as you didn't replace the capsule. Any sound clips of before and after? Also, is this mic transformerless?
The ART mic pre that you modded is the "Project series". The $29 special at Musician’s Friend is the "Studio series", which raises the question "how are they different inside?" Has anyone compared the two?...circuit topology...no of gain stages and voltage gain per stage, same differential input stage/transistors...component types/values, etc. A schematic of each would reveal all. The only real concern here though is determining which capacitors and op-amps are in the audio chain, but knowing the internal differences would help a purchase desision.
As for the MC33078 op-amp, it is rated at 36V. http://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=MC33078 Have you tried using a OPA2604? This is usually the op-amp I generally use when modding audio, it's also rated for 48V.
Although I'm not a fan of "starved-plate" designs, I'm gonna give this mod try. I might be a bit optimistic, but the JJ Tesla tube could just be the ticket for that giant leap improvement in a starved-plate pre. You may be onto something here.